When I began hacking and started reading all of the beginner
files, I still had many un-answered questions. My questions were
eventually answered, but only through LOTS of reading and practice.
In this file, I hope to give basic step by step instructions that will
help beginning hackers and phreakers get started. But, DO NOT think
that this will save you from having to read alot. If you want to be a
hacker/phreaker, reading is the most important thing you can do. You
will have to do ALOT of reading no matter what.
This document was intended for beginners, but it can also be used
as a reference tool for advanced hackers and phreakers.
Please distribute this document freely. Give it to anyone that
you know who is interested in hacking and/or phreaking. Post it on your
World Wide Web page, Ftp sites, and BBS's. Do whatever you want with it
as long as it stays UNCHANGED.
As far as I know, this is the most complete and in depth beginners
guide available, that is why I wrote it. Also, I plan to have new
volumes come out whenever there has been a significant change in the
material provided, so keep an eye out for them. LOA is planning on
starting an on-line magazine, so look for that too. And we are also starting a hacking business. Owners of businesses can hire us to hack into their systems to find the security faults. The name of this company is A.S.H. (American Security Hackers), and it is run by LOA. If you have any questions about this company, or would like to hire us, or just want security advice, please E-Mail A.S.H. at "an641839@anon.penet.fi".
This document is divided into three main sections with many
different sub-sections in them. The Table Of Contents is below:
Table Of Contents:
I. HACKING
A. What is hacking?
B. Why hack?
C. Hacking rules
D. Getting started
E. Where and how to start hacking
F. Telenet commands
G. Telenet dialups
H. Telenet DNIC's
I. Telenet NUA's
J. Basic UNIX hacking
K. Basic VAX/VMS hacking
L. Basic PRIME hacking
M. Password list
N. Connecting modems to different phone lines
O. Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
II. PHREAKING
A. What is phreaking?
B. Why phreak?
C. Phreaking rules
D. Where and how to start phreaking
E. Boxes and what they do
F. Red Box plans
G. Free calling from COCOT's
H. ANAC numbers
III. REFERENCE
A. Hacking and phreaking W.W.W. pages
B. Good hacking and phreaking text files
C. Hacking and phreaking Newsgroups
D. Rainbow Books
E. Hacking and phreaking magazines
F. Hacking and phreaking movies
G. Hacking and phreaking Gopher sites
H. Hacking and phreaking Ftp sites
I. Hacking and phreaking BBS's
J. Cool hackers and phreakers
K. Hacker's Manifesto
L. Happy hacking!
* DISCLAIMER *
"Use this information at your own risk. I Revelation, nor any
other member of LOA, nor the persons providing this file, will NOT
assume ANY responsibility for the use, misuse, or abuse, of the
information provided herein. The following information is provided for
educational purposes ONLY. The informaion is NOT to be used for illegal
purposes. By reading this file you ARE AGREEING to the following terms:
I understand that using this information is illegal. I agree to, and
understand, that I am responsible for my own actions. If I get into
trouble using this information for the wrong reasons, I promise not
to place the blame on Revelation, LOA, or anyone that provided this
file. I understand that this information is for educational purposes only. This file may be used to check your security systems and if you would like a thorough check contact A.S.H.
This file is basically a compilation of known hacking and
phreaking information and some information gathered from my own
experience as a hacker/phreaker. I have tried to make sure that
everything excerpted from other documents was put in quotes and labeled
with the documents name, and if known, who wrote it. I am sorry if any
mistakes were made with quoted information."
*-Revelation-*
LOA
I. HACKING
A. What is hacking?
Hacking is the act of penetrating computer systems to gain
knowledge about the system and how it works.
Hacking is illegal because we demand free access to ALL data, and
we get it. This pisses people off and we are outcasted from society, and
in order to stay out of prison, we must keep our status of being a
hacker/phreaker a secret. We can't discuss our findings with anyone but
other members of the hacking/phreaking community for fear of being
punished. We are punished for wanting to learn. Why is the government
spending huge amounts of time and money to arrest hackers when there are
other much more dangerous people out there. It is the murderers,
rapists, terrorists, kidnappers, and burglers who should be punished for what they have done, not hackers. We do NOT pose a threat to anyone. We are NOT out to hurt people or there computers. I admit that there are some people out there who call themselves hackers and who deliberately damage computers. But these people are criminals, NOT hackers. I don't care what the government says, we are NOT criminals. We are NOT trying to alter or damage any system. This is widely misunderstood. Maybe one day people will believe us when we say that all we want is to learn.
There are only two ways to get rid of hackers and phreakers.
One is to get rid of computers and telephones, in which case we would
find other means of getting what we want.(Like that is really going to
happen.) The other way is to give us what we want, which is free access
to ALL information. Until one of those two things happen, we are not
going anywhere.
B. Why hack?
As said above, we hack to gain knowledge about systems and the
way they work. We do NOT want to damage systems in any way. If you do
damage a system, you WILL get caught. But, if you don't damage
anything, it is very unlikely that you will be noticed, let alone be
tracked down and arrested, which costs a considerable amount of time
and money.
Beginners should read all the files that they can get their
hands on about anything even remotely related to hacking and phreaking,
BEFORE they start hacking. I know it sounds stupid and boring but it
will definetly pay off in the future. The more you read about hacking
and phreaking, the more unlikely it is that you will get caught. Some
of the most useless pieces of information that you read could turn out
to be the most helpful. That is why you need to read everything
possible.
C. Hacking rules
1. Never damage any system. This will only get you into trouble.
2. Never alter any of the systems files, except for those needed to
insure that you are not detected, and those to insure that you have
access into that computer in the future.
3. Do not share any information about your hacking projects with
anyone but those you'd trust with your life.
4. When posting on BBS's (Bulletin Board Systems) be as vague as
possible when describing your current hacking projects. BBS's CAN
be monitered by law enforcement.
5. Never use anyone's real name or real phone number when posting
on a BBS.
6. Never leave your handle on any systems that you hack in to.
7. DO NOT hack government computers.
8. Never speak about hacking projects over your home telephone line.
9. Be paranoid. Keep all of your hacking materials in a safe place.
10. To become a real hacker, you have to hack. You can't just sit
around reading text files and hanging out on BBS's. This is not what
hacking is all about.
D. Getting started
The very first thing you need to do is get a copy of PKZIP
or some other file unzipping utility. Nearly everything that you
download from the Internet or from a BBS will be zipped. A zipped file is a file that has been compressed. Zipped files end with the extension ".zip".
Then you need to get yourself a good prefix scanner.(also known
as a War Dialer) This is a program that automatically dials phone
numbers beginning with the three numbers (prefix) that you specify. It
checks to see if the number dialed has a carrier.(series of beeps that
tells you that you have dialed a computer) Try and find a large
business area prefix to scan. It is these businesses that have
interesting computers. There are many good scanners out there, but I
would recommend Autoscan or A-Dial. These are very easy to use and get
the job done quickly and efficiently.
E. Where and how to start hacking
After you get yourself a good scanner, scan some prefixes and
find some cool dialups, then do the following: From your terminal,
dial the number you found. Then you should hear a series of beeps
(carrier) which tells you that you are connecting to a remote computer.
It should then say something like "CONNECT 9600" and then identify the
system that you are on. If nothing happens after it says "CONNECT 9600"
try hitting enter a few times. If you get a bunch of garbage adjust your
parity, data bits, stop bits, baud rate, etc., until it becomes clear.
That is one way of connecting to a remote computer. Another way is
through Telenet or some other large network.
Telenet is a very large network that has many other networks and
remote computers connected to it.
Ok, here is how you would connect to a remote computer through
Telenet:
First, you get your local dialup(phone number) from the list that
I have provided in Section G. Then you dial the number from your
terminal and connect.(If you get a bunch of garbage try changing your
parity to odd and your data bits to 7, this should clear it up.) If
it just sits there hit enter and wait a few seconds, then hit enter
again. Then it will say "TERMINAL=" and you type in your terminal
emulation. If you don't know what it is just hit enter. Then it will
give you a prompt that looks like "@". From there you type "c" and then
the NUA (Network User Address) that you want to connect to. After you
connect to the NUA, the first thing you need to do is find out what type
of system you are on.(i.e. UNIX, VAX/VMS, PRIME, etc.)
There are other things that you can do on Telenet besides
connecting to an NUA. Some of these commands and functions are listed in
the next section.
You can only connect to computers which accept reverse charging.
The only way you can connect to computers that don't accept reverse charging is if you have a Telenet account. You can try hacking these. To do this, at the "@" prompt type "access". It will then ask you for your Telenet ID and password.
Telenet is probably the safest place to start hacking because of
the large numbers of calls that they get. Make sure you call during
business hours (late morning or early afternoon) so there are many
other people on-line.
F. Telenet commands
Here is a list of some Telenet commands and their functions. This
is only a partial list. Beginners probably won't use these commands,
but I put them here for reference anyway.
COMMAND FUNCTION
c Connect to a host.
stat Shows network port.
full Network echo.
half Terminal echo.
telemail Mail.(need ID and password)
mail Mail.(need ID and password)
set Select PAD parameters
cont Continue.
d Disconnect.
hangup Hangs up.
access Telenet account.(ID and password)
H. Telenet DNIC's
Here is the list of all the Telenet DNIC's. These
will be defined and explained in the next section:
DNIC: NETWORK:
02041 Datanet-1
02062 DCS
02080 Transpac
02284 Telepac (Switzerland)
02322 Datex-P (Austria)
02392 Radaus
02342 PSS
02382 Datapak (Denmark)
02402 Datapak (Sweden)
02405 Telepak
02442 Finpak
02624 Datex-P (West Germany)
02704 Luxpac
02724 Eirpak
03020 Datapac
03028 Infogram
03103 ITT/UDTS (U.S.A.)
03106 Tymnet
03110 Telenet
03340 Telepac (Mexico)
03400 UDTS (Curacau)
04251 Isranet
04401 DDX-P
04408 Venus-P
04501 Dacom-Net
04542 Intelpak
05052 Austpac
05053 Midas
05252 Telepac (Hong Kong)
05301 Pacnet
06550 Saponet
07240 Interdata
07241 Renpac
07421 Dompac
09000 Dialnet
J. Basic UNIX hacking
UNIX is probably the most commonly used operating system on Telenet, and is the easiest to hack since it doesn't record bad login attempts. You know you've found a UNIX system when it gives you a "Login" prompt, and then a "Password" prompt. To get in you should first try the default logins.(Listed below.) If these don't work try some of the passwords listed in Section M. If these don't work try to find backdoors. These are passwords that may have been put in to allow the programmer (or someone else who could be in a position to make a backdoor) to get access into the system. These are usually not known about by anyone but the individual who made it. Try doing some research on the programmer and other people who helped to make the system. And, if these don't work, just try guessing them. The Login (usually the account holders name) has 1-8 characters and the Password is 6-8 characters. Both can be either letters or numbers, or a combination of the two.
Once you get in, you should get a "$" prompt, or some other special character like it. You should only use lower case letters when hacking UNIX, this seems to be standard format. If you type "man [command]" at the prompt, it should list all of the commands for that system. Anyway, here are the default Logins and Passwords:
Login: Password:
root root
root system
sys sys
sys system
daemon daemon
uucp uucp
tty tty
test test
unix unix
unix test
bin bin
adm adm
adm admin
admin adm
admin admin
sysman sysman
sysman sys
sysman system
sysadmin sysadmin
sysadmin sys
sysadmin system
sysadmin admin
sysadmin adm
who who
learn learn
uuhost uuhost
guest guest
host host
nuucp nuucp
rje rje
games games
games player
sysop sysop
root sysop
demo demo
Once you are in, the first thing that you need to do is save the password file to your hard drive or to a disk. The password file contains the Logins and Passwords. The passwords are encoded. To get the UNIX password file, depending on what type of UNIX you are in, you can type one of the following things:
/etc/passwd
or
cat /etc/passwd
The first one is the standard command, but there are other commands as well, like the second one. Once you get the password file, it should look like this:
john:234abc56:9999:13:John Johnson:/home/dir/john:/bin/john
Broken down, this is what the above password file states:
Username: john
Encrypted Password: 234abc56
User Number: 9999
Group Number: 13
Other Information: John Johnson
Home Directory: /home/dir/john
Shell: /bin/john
If the password file does not show up under one of the above two commands, then it is probably shadowed.
The following definition of password shadowing was taken from the alt.2600 hack faq:
"Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted password field is replaced with a special token and the encrypted password is stored in a seperate file which is not readable by normal system users."
If the password file is shadowed, you can find it in one of the following places, depending on the type of UNIX you are using:
UNIX System Type: Path: Token:
AIX 3 /etc/security/passwd !
or /tcb/auth/files/<first letter of #
username>/<username>
A/UX 3.Os /tcb/files/auth/*
BSD4.3-Reno /etc/master.passwd *
ConvexOS 10 /etc/shadpw *
Convex0S 11 /etc/shadow *
DG/UX /etc/tcb/aa/user *
EP/IX /etc/shadow x
HP-UX /.secure/etc/passwd *
IRIX 5 /etc/shadow x
Linux 1.1 /etc/shadow *
OSF/1 /etc/passwd[.dir|.pag] *
SCO UNIX #.2.x /tcb/auth/files/<first letter of *
username>/<username>
SunOS 4.1+c2 /etc/security/passwd.adjunct ##
SunOS 5.0 /etc/shadow
System V 4.0 /etc/shadow x
System V 4.2 /etc/security/* database
Ultrix 4 /etc/auth[.dir|.pag] *
UNICOS /etc/udb *
Some passwords can only be used for a certain amount of time without having to be changed, this is called password aging. In the password file example below, the "C.a4" is the password aging data:
bob:123456,C.a4:6348:45:Bob Wilson:/home/dir/bob:/bin/bob
The characters in the password aging data stand for the following:
1. Maximum number of weeks a password can be used without changing.
2. Minimum number of weeks a password must be used before being changed.
3&4. Last time password was changed, in number of weeks since 1970.
The password aging data can be decoded using the chart below:
Character: Number:
. 0
/ 1
0 2
1 3
2 4
3 5
4 6
5 7
6 8
7 9
8 10
9 11
A 12
B 13
C 14
D 15
E 16
F 17
G 18
H 19
I 20
J 21
K 22
L 23
M 24
N 25
O 26
P 27
Q 28
R 29
S 30
T 31
U 32
V 33
W 34
X 35
Y 36
Z 37
a 38
b 39
c 40
d 41
e 42
f 43
g 44
h 45
i 46
j 47
k 48
l 49
m 50
n 51
o 52
p 53
q 54
r 55
s 56
t 57
u 58
v 59
w 60
x 61
y 62
z 63
Now, explore the system freely, be careful, and have fun!
K. Basic VAX/VMS hacking
The VAX system runs the VMS (Virtual Memory System) operating system. You know that you have a VAX system when you get a "username" prompt. Type in capital letters, this seems to be standard on VAX's. Type "HELP" and it gives you all of the help that you could possibly want. Here are the default usernames and passwords for VAX's:
Username: Password:
SYSTEM OPERATOR
SYSTEM MANAGER
SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM SYSLIB
OPERATOR OPERATOR
SYSTEST UETP
SYSTEST SYSTEST
SYSTEST TEST
SYSMAINT SYSMAINT
SYSMAINT SERVICE
SYSMAINT DIGITAL
FIELD FIELD
FIELD SERVICE
GUEST GUEST
GUEST unpassworded
DEMO DEMO
DEMO unpassworded
TEST TEST
DECNET DECNET
Here are some of the VAX/VMS commands:
Command: Function:
HELP (H) Gives help and list of commands.
TYPE (T) View contents of a file.
RENAME (REN) Change name of a file.
PURGE (PU) Deletes old versions of a file.
PRINT (PR) Prints a file.
DIRECTORY (DIR) Shows list of files.
DIFFERENCES (DIF) Shows differences between files.
CREATE (CR) Creates a file.
DELETE (DEL) Deletes a file.
COPY (COP) Copy a file to another.
CONTINUE (C) Continues session.
The password file on VAX's are available when you type in the command:
SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT
The password file on most VAX's are usually not available to normal system users, but try it anyway. If the default logins don't work, use the same means of finding one as stated in Section J.
Be VERY careful when hacking VAX's becuase they record every bad login attempt. They are sometimes considered one of the most secure systems. Because of this, I advise not to try hacking these until you are more advanced.
But, when you are an advanced hacker, or if you are already an advanced hacker, I advise that you try a few passwords at a time and then wait and try a few more the next day and so on, because when the real user logs on it displays all of the bad login attempts.
L. Basic PRIME hacking
PRIME computer systems greet you with "Primecon 18.23.05", or something like it, when you connect. You should type in capital letters on this system, too. Once you connect, it will usually just sit there. If this happens, type "LOGIN <USERNAME>". It should then ask you for your username and password. The default usernames and passwords are listed below:
Username: Password:
PRIME PRIME
PRIME PRIMOS
PRIMOS PRIMOS
PRIMOS PRIME
PRIMOS_CS PRIME
PRIMOS_CS PRIMOS
PRIMENET PRIMENET
SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM PRIME
SYSTEM PRIMOS
NETLINK NETLINK
TEST TEST
GUEST GUEST
GUEST1 GUEST
When you are inside the system, type "NETLINK" and it ahould give you alot of help. This system uses NUA's, too. I might print these in the next volume.
M. Password List
The password list was taken from A Novice's Guide To Hacking, by The Legion Of Doom, and from some of my own discoveries. Here is the list of commonly used passwords:
Password:
aaa
academia
ada
adrian
aerobics
airplane
albany
albatross
albert
alex
alexander
algebra
alias
alisa
alpha
alphabet
ama
amy
analog
anchor
andy
andrea
animal
answer
anything
arrow
arthur
ass
asshole
athena
atmosphere
bacchus
badass
bailey
banana
bandit
banks
bass
batman
beautiful
beauty
beaver
daniel
danny
dave
deb
debbie
deborah
december
desire
desperate
develop
diet
digital
discovery
disney
dog
drought
duncan
easy
eatme
edges
edwin
egghead
eileen
einstein
elephant
elizabeth
ellen
emerald
engine
engineer
enterprise
enzyme
euclid
evelyn
extension
fairway
felicia
fender
finite
format
god
hello
idiot
jester
john
johnny
joseph
joshua
judith
juggle
julia
kathleen
kermit
kernel
knight
lambda
larry
lazarus
lee
leroy
lewis
light
lisa
louis
love
lynne
mac
macintosh
mack
maggot
magic
malcolm
mark
markus
martin
marty
marvin
matt
master
maurice
maximum
merlin
mets
michael
michelle
mike
minimum
nicki
nicole
rascal
really
rebecca
remote
rick
reagan
robot
robotics
rolex
ronald
rose
rosebud
rosemary
roses
ruben
rules
ruth
sal
saxon
scheme
scott
secret
sensor
serenity
sex
shark
sharon
shit
shiva
shuttle
simon
simple
singer
single
singing
smile
smooch
smother
snatch
snoopy
soap
socrates
spit
spring
subway
success
summer
super
support
surfer
suzanne
tangerine
tape
target
taylor
telephone
temptation
tiger
tigger
toggle
tomato
toyota
trivial
unhappy
unicorn
unknown
urchin
utility
vicki
virgin
virginia
warren
water
weenie
whatnot
whitney
will
william
winston
willie
wizard
wonbat
yosemite
zap
N. Connecting modems to different phone lines
Ok, if you are really paranoid (or smart) and you don't want to hack from your house for fear of getting caught, you can hook up your modem to other peoples phone lines or to payphones.
If you want to hook your modem to a payphone, do it late at night and at a very secluded payphone. Look along either side of the phone. You should see a small metal tube (which contains the telephone wires) running along the wall. Somewhere along the tube it should widen out into a small box. Pop off the boxes lid and there is a nice little phone jack for ya'. Taking off the lid may be difficult because they are usually pretty secure, but nothing is impossible, so keep trying. Of course, you can only do this with a lap-top computer.
Now, if you want to hook up the modem to someone's house or appartment phone line, you need to get a pair of red and green alligator clips, and an extra modem cord for your lap-top.
After you get those parts, cut the plastic end off of your modem cord and you will see a red wire, a green wire, and two other wires, but you can ignore those. Attach the red alligator clip to the red wire, and attach the green alligator clip to the green wire and you're all set. Now all you need to do is go find a telephone pole or one of those small green boxes that stick out of the ground.(They should have a Bell Systems logo on them.)
On a telephone pole open the little box that has a bunch of wires going to and from it. On the right side of the box you should see what look like two large screws.(These are called "terminals".) One should have a red wire wrapped around it and the other should have a green wire wrapped around it. Attach the red alligator clip the the red wire and the green alligator clip to the green wire, and you're all set. This should get you a dial tone. If it doesn't, make sure that the alligator clips are not touching each other, and that the alligator clips are attached to the exposed end of the wire.
Now, on those green boxes you need to undo all of the screws and shit holding the lid on, and open it up. Then you should find basically the same setup as in the telephone pole. Attach the appropriate wires to the appropriate terminals and you are all set.
This process can also be used to hook up a Beige Box (Lineman's Handset.) when phreaking.
O. Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
Just in case some of you are interested, here are the definitions for Viruses, Trojans, and Worms. These definitions were taken from the alt.2600 hack faq.
Trojan:
"Remember the Trojan Horse? Bad guys hid inside it until they could get into the city to do their evil deed. A Trojan computer program is similiar. It is a program which does an unauthorized function, hidden inside an authorized program. It does something other than it claims to do, usually something malicious (although not necessarily!), and it is intended by the author to do whatever it does. If it is not intentional, it is called a bug or, in some cases, a feature :) Some Virus scanning programs detect some Trojans. Some scanning programs don't detect any Trojans. No Virus scanners detect all Trojans."
Virus:
"A Virus is an independent program which reproduces itself. It may attach itself to other programs, it may create copies of itself (as in companion Viruses). It may damage or corrupt data, change data, or degrade the performance of your system by utilizing resources such as memory or disk space. Some Viruse scanners detect some Viruses. No Virus scanners detect all Viruses. No Virus scanner can protect against any and all Viruses, known and unknown, now and forevermore."
Worm:
"Made famous by Robert Morris, Jr., Worms are programs which reproduce by copying themselves over and over, system to system, using up resources and sometimes slowing down the system. They are self contained and use the networks to spread, in much the same way that Viruses use files to spread. Some people say the solution to Viruses and worms is to just not have any files or networks. They are probably correct. We could include computers."
II. PHREAKING
A. What is phreaking
Phreaking is basically hacking with a telephone. Using different "boxes" and "tricks" to manipulate the phone companies and their phones, you gain many things, two of which are: knowledge about telephones and how they work, and free local and long distance phone calls. In the following sections, you will learn some about boxes, what they are, and how they work. You will also learn about the other forms of phreaking.
B. Why phreak?
Phreaking, like hacking, is used to gather information about telephones, telephone companies, and how they work. There are other benefits as well. As stated above, you also get free phone calls. But, these are used mainly to gather more information about the phones, and to allow us free access to all information.
C. Phreaking rules
Most of the same rules apply for hacking and phreaking, so I will only list a few here.
1. Never box over your home phone line.
2. You should never talk about phreaking projects over your home phone line.
3. Never use your real name when phreaking.
4. Be careful who you tell about your phreaking projects.
5. Never leave phreaking materials out in the open. Keep them in a safe place.
6. Don't get caught.
D. Where and how to start phreaking
Well, you can phreak on any telephone, but as stated above, it is very stupid to do so on your home phone line.
First you need you need to construct the boxes needed for what you want to do. All of the boxes and their descriptions are listed in the next section. Most of the boxes are very easy to make, but if your not into making shit, there are usually alternative ways of making them.
E. Boxes and what they do
_____________ HAPPY HACKING________________
files, I still had many un-answered questions. My questions were
eventually answered, but only through LOTS of reading and practice.
In this file, I hope to give basic step by step instructions that will
help beginning hackers and phreakers get started. But, DO NOT think
that this will save you from having to read alot. If you want to be a
hacker/phreaker, reading is the most important thing you can do. You
will have to do ALOT of reading no matter what.
This document was intended for beginners, but it can also be used
as a reference tool for advanced hackers and phreakers.
Please distribute this document freely. Give it to anyone that
you know who is interested in hacking and/or phreaking. Post it on your
World Wide Web page, Ftp sites, and BBS's. Do whatever you want with it
as long as it stays UNCHANGED.
As far as I know, this is the most complete and in depth beginners
guide available, that is why I wrote it. Also, I plan to have new
volumes come out whenever there has been a significant change in the
material provided, so keep an eye out for them. LOA is planning on
starting an on-line magazine, so look for that too. And we are also starting a hacking business. Owners of businesses can hire us to hack into their systems to find the security faults. The name of this company is A.S.H. (American Security Hackers), and it is run by LOA. If you have any questions about this company, or would like to hire us, or just want security advice, please E-Mail A.S.H. at "an641839@anon.penet.fi".
This document is divided into three main sections with many
different sub-sections in them. The Table Of Contents is below:
Table Of Contents:
I. HACKING
A. What is hacking?
B. Why hack?
C. Hacking rules
D. Getting started
E. Where and how to start hacking
F. Telenet commands
G. Telenet dialups
H. Telenet DNIC's
I. Telenet NUA's
J. Basic UNIX hacking
K. Basic VAX/VMS hacking
L. Basic PRIME hacking
M. Password list
N. Connecting modems to different phone lines
O. Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
II. PHREAKING
A. What is phreaking?
B. Why phreak?
C. Phreaking rules
D. Where and how to start phreaking
E. Boxes and what they do
F. Red Box plans
G. Free calling from COCOT's
H. ANAC numbers
III. REFERENCE
A. Hacking and phreaking W.W.W. pages
B. Good hacking and phreaking text files
C. Hacking and phreaking Newsgroups
D. Rainbow Books
E. Hacking and phreaking magazines
F. Hacking and phreaking movies
G. Hacking and phreaking Gopher sites
H. Hacking and phreaking Ftp sites
I. Hacking and phreaking BBS's
J. Cool hackers and phreakers
K. Hacker's Manifesto
L. Happy hacking!
* DISCLAIMER *
"Use this information at your own risk. I Revelation, nor any
other member of LOA, nor the persons providing this file, will NOT
assume ANY responsibility for the use, misuse, or abuse, of the
information provided herein. The following information is provided for
educational purposes ONLY. The informaion is NOT to be used for illegal
purposes. By reading this file you ARE AGREEING to the following terms:
I understand that using this information is illegal. I agree to, and
understand, that I am responsible for my own actions. If I get into
trouble using this information for the wrong reasons, I promise not
to place the blame on Revelation, LOA, or anyone that provided this
file. I understand that this information is for educational purposes only. This file may be used to check your security systems and if you would like a thorough check contact A.S.H.
This file is basically a compilation of known hacking and
phreaking information and some information gathered from my own
experience as a hacker/phreaker. I have tried to make sure that
everything excerpted from other documents was put in quotes and labeled
with the documents name, and if known, who wrote it. I am sorry if any
mistakes were made with quoted information."
*-Revelation-*
LOA
I. HACKING
A. What is hacking?
Hacking is the act of penetrating computer systems to gain
knowledge about the system and how it works.
Hacking is illegal because we demand free access to ALL data, and
we get it. This pisses people off and we are outcasted from society, and
in order to stay out of prison, we must keep our status of being a
hacker/phreaker a secret. We can't discuss our findings with anyone but
other members of the hacking/phreaking community for fear of being
punished. We are punished for wanting to learn. Why is the government
spending huge amounts of time and money to arrest hackers when there are
other much more dangerous people out there. It is the murderers,
rapists, terrorists, kidnappers, and burglers who should be punished for what they have done, not hackers. We do NOT pose a threat to anyone. We are NOT out to hurt people or there computers. I admit that there are some people out there who call themselves hackers and who deliberately damage computers. But these people are criminals, NOT hackers. I don't care what the government says, we are NOT criminals. We are NOT trying to alter or damage any system. This is widely misunderstood. Maybe one day people will believe us when we say that all we want is to learn.
There are only two ways to get rid of hackers and phreakers.
One is to get rid of computers and telephones, in which case we would
find other means of getting what we want.(Like that is really going to
happen.) The other way is to give us what we want, which is free access
to ALL information. Until one of those two things happen, we are not
going anywhere.
B. Why hack?
As said above, we hack to gain knowledge about systems and the
way they work. We do NOT want to damage systems in any way. If you do
damage a system, you WILL get caught. But, if you don't damage
anything, it is very unlikely that you will be noticed, let alone be
tracked down and arrested, which costs a considerable amount of time
and money.
Beginners should read all the files that they can get their
hands on about anything even remotely related to hacking and phreaking,
BEFORE they start hacking. I know it sounds stupid and boring but it
will definetly pay off in the future. The more you read about hacking
and phreaking, the more unlikely it is that you will get caught. Some
of the most useless pieces of information that you read could turn out
to be the most helpful. That is why you need to read everything
possible.
C. Hacking rules
1. Never damage any system. This will only get you into trouble.
2. Never alter any of the systems files, except for those needed to
insure that you are not detected, and those to insure that you have
access into that computer in the future.
3. Do not share any information about your hacking projects with
anyone but those you'd trust with your life.
4. When posting on BBS's (Bulletin Board Systems) be as vague as
possible when describing your current hacking projects. BBS's CAN
be monitered by law enforcement.
5. Never use anyone's real name or real phone number when posting
on a BBS.
6. Never leave your handle on any systems that you hack in to.
7. DO NOT hack government computers.
8. Never speak about hacking projects over your home telephone line.
9. Be paranoid. Keep all of your hacking materials in a safe place.
10. To become a real hacker, you have to hack. You can't just sit
around reading text files and hanging out on BBS's. This is not what
hacking is all about.
D. Getting started
The very first thing you need to do is get a copy of PKZIP
or some other file unzipping utility. Nearly everything that you
download from the Internet or from a BBS will be zipped. A zipped file is a file that has been compressed. Zipped files end with the extension ".zip".
Then you need to get yourself a good prefix scanner.(also known
as a War Dialer) This is a program that automatically dials phone
numbers beginning with the three numbers (prefix) that you specify. It
checks to see if the number dialed has a carrier.(series of beeps that
tells you that you have dialed a computer) Try and find a large
business area prefix to scan. It is these businesses that have
interesting computers. There are many good scanners out there, but I
would recommend Autoscan or A-Dial. These are very easy to use and get
the job done quickly and efficiently.
E. Where and how to start hacking
After you get yourself a good scanner, scan some prefixes and
find some cool dialups, then do the following: From your terminal,
dial the number you found. Then you should hear a series of beeps
(carrier) which tells you that you are connecting to a remote computer.
It should then say something like "CONNECT 9600" and then identify the
system that you are on. If nothing happens after it says "CONNECT 9600"
try hitting enter a few times. If you get a bunch of garbage adjust your
parity, data bits, stop bits, baud rate, etc., until it becomes clear.
That is one way of connecting to a remote computer. Another way is
through Telenet or some other large network.
Telenet is a very large network that has many other networks and
remote computers connected to it.
Ok, here is how you would connect to a remote computer through
Telenet:
First, you get your local dialup(phone number) from the list that
I have provided in Section G. Then you dial the number from your
terminal and connect.(If you get a bunch of garbage try changing your
parity to odd and your data bits to 7, this should clear it up.) If
it just sits there hit enter and wait a few seconds, then hit enter
again. Then it will say "TERMINAL=" and you type in your terminal
emulation. If you don't know what it is just hit enter. Then it will
give you a prompt that looks like "@". From there you type "c" and then
the NUA (Network User Address) that you want to connect to. After you
connect to the NUA, the first thing you need to do is find out what type
of system you are on.(i.e. UNIX, VAX/VMS, PRIME, etc.)
There are other things that you can do on Telenet besides
connecting to an NUA. Some of these commands and functions are listed in
the next section.
You can only connect to computers which accept reverse charging.
The only way you can connect to computers that don't accept reverse charging is if you have a Telenet account. You can try hacking these. To do this, at the "@" prompt type "access". It will then ask you for your Telenet ID and password.
Telenet is probably the safest place to start hacking because of
the large numbers of calls that they get. Make sure you call during
business hours (late morning or early afternoon) so there are many
other people on-line.
F. Telenet commands
Here is a list of some Telenet commands and their functions. This
is only a partial list. Beginners probably won't use these commands,
but I put them here for reference anyway.
COMMAND FUNCTION
c Connect to a host.
stat Shows network port.
full Network echo.
half Terminal echo.
telemail Mail.(need ID and password)
mail Mail.(need ID and password)
set Select PAD parameters
cont Continue.
d Disconnect.
hangup Hangs up.
access Telenet account.(ID and password)
H. Telenet DNIC's
Here is the list of all the Telenet DNIC's. These
will be defined and explained in the next section:
DNIC: NETWORK:
02041 Datanet-1
02062 DCS
02080 Transpac
02284 Telepac (Switzerland)
02322 Datex-P (Austria)
02392 Radaus
02342 PSS
02382 Datapak (Denmark)
02402 Datapak (Sweden)
02405 Telepak
02442 Finpak
02624 Datex-P (West Germany)
02704 Luxpac
02724 Eirpak
03020 Datapac
03028 Infogram
03103 ITT/UDTS (U.S.A.)
03106 Tymnet
03110 Telenet
03340 Telepac (Mexico)
03400 UDTS (Curacau)
04251 Isranet
04401 DDX-P
04408 Venus-P
04501 Dacom-Net
04542 Intelpak
05052 Austpac
05053 Midas
05252 Telepac (Hong Kong)
05301 Pacnet
06550 Saponet
07240 Interdata
07241 Renpac
07421 Dompac
09000 Dialnet
J. Basic UNIX hacking
UNIX is probably the most commonly used operating system on Telenet, and is the easiest to hack since it doesn't record bad login attempts. You know you've found a UNIX system when it gives you a "Login" prompt, and then a "Password" prompt. To get in you should first try the default logins.(Listed below.) If these don't work try some of the passwords listed in Section M. If these don't work try to find backdoors. These are passwords that may have been put in to allow the programmer (or someone else who could be in a position to make a backdoor) to get access into the system. These are usually not known about by anyone but the individual who made it. Try doing some research on the programmer and other people who helped to make the system. And, if these don't work, just try guessing them. The Login (usually the account holders name) has 1-8 characters and the Password is 6-8 characters. Both can be either letters or numbers, or a combination of the two.
Once you get in, you should get a "$" prompt, or some other special character like it. You should only use lower case letters when hacking UNIX, this seems to be standard format. If you type "man [command]" at the prompt, it should list all of the commands for that system. Anyway, here are the default Logins and Passwords:
Login: Password:
root root
root system
sys sys
sys system
daemon daemon
uucp uucp
tty tty
test test
unix unix
unix test
bin bin
adm adm
adm admin
admin adm
admin admin
sysman sysman
sysman sys
sysman system
sysadmin sysadmin
sysadmin sys
sysadmin system
sysadmin admin
sysadmin adm
who who
learn learn
uuhost uuhost
guest guest
host host
nuucp nuucp
rje rje
games games
games player
sysop sysop
root sysop
demo demo
Once you are in, the first thing that you need to do is save the password file to your hard drive or to a disk. The password file contains the Logins and Passwords. The passwords are encoded. To get the UNIX password file, depending on what type of UNIX you are in, you can type one of the following things:
/etc/passwd
or
cat /etc/passwd
The first one is the standard command, but there are other commands as well, like the second one. Once you get the password file, it should look like this:
john:234abc56:9999:13:John Johnson:/home/dir/john:/bin/john
Broken down, this is what the above password file states:
Username: john
Encrypted Password: 234abc56
User Number: 9999
Group Number: 13
Other Information: John Johnson
Home Directory: /home/dir/john
Shell: /bin/john
If the password file does not show up under one of the above two commands, then it is probably shadowed.
The following definition of password shadowing was taken from the alt.2600 hack faq:
"Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted password field is replaced with a special token and the encrypted password is stored in a seperate file which is not readable by normal system users."
If the password file is shadowed, you can find it in one of the following places, depending on the type of UNIX you are using:
UNIX System Type: Path: Token:
AIX 3 /etc/security/passwd !
or /tcb/auth/files/<first letter of #
username>/<username>
A/UX 3.Os /tcb/files/auth/*
BSD4.3-Reno /etc/master.passwd *
ConvexOS 10 /etc/shadpw *
Convex0S 11 /etc/shadow *
DG/UX /etc/tcb/aa/user *
EP/IX /etc/shadow x
HP-UX /.secure/etc/passwd *
IRIX 5 /etc/shadow x
Linux 1.1 /etc/shadow *
OSF/1 /etc/passwd[.dir|.pag] *
SCO UNIX #.2.x /tcb/auth/files/<first letter of *
username>/<username>
SunOS 4.1+c2 /etc/security/passwd.adjunct ##
SunOS 5.0 /etc/shadow
System V 4.0 /etc/shadow x
System V 4.2 /etc/security/* database
Ultrix 4 /etc/auth[.dir|.pag] *
UNICOS /etc/udb *
Some passwords can only be used for a certain amount of time without having to be changed, this is called password aging. In the password file example below, the "C.a4" is the password aging data:
bob:123456,C.a4:6348:45:Bob Wilson:/home/dir/bob:/bin/bob
The characters in the password aging data stand for the following:
1. Maximum number of weeks a password can be used without changing.
2. Minimum number of weeks a password must be used before being changed.
3&4. Last time password was changed, in number of weeks since 1970.
The password aging data can be decoded using the chart below:
Character: Number:
. 0
/ 1
0 2
1 3
2 4
3 5
4 6
5 7
6 8
7 9
8 10
9 11
A 12
B 13
C 14
D 15
E 16
F 17
G 18
H 19
I 20
J 21
K 22
L 23
M 24
N 25
O 26
P 27
Q 28
R 29
S 30
T 31
U 32
V 33
W 34
X 35
Y 36
Z 37
a 38
b 39
c 40
d 41
e 42
f 43
g 44
h 45
i 46
j 47
k 48
l 49
m 50
n 51
o 52
p 53
q 54
r 55
s 56
t 57
u 58
v 59
w 60
x 61
y 62
z 63
Now, explore the system freely, be careful, and have fun!
K. Basic VAX/VMS hacking
The VAX system runs the VMS (Virtual Memory System) operating system. You know that you have a VAX system when you get a "username" prompt. Type in capital letters, this seems to be standard on VAX's. Type "HELP" and it gives you all of the help that you could possibly want. Here are the default usernames and passwords for VAX's:
Username: Password:
SYSTEM OPERATOR
SYSTEM MANAGER
SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM SYSLIB
OPERATOR OPERATOR
SYSTEST UETP
SYSTEST SYSTEST
SYSTEST TEST
SYSMAINT SYSMAINT
SYSMAINT SERVICE
SYSMAINT DIGITAL
FIELD FIELD
FIELD SERVICE
GUEST GUEST
GUEST unpassworded
DEMO DEMO
DEMO unpassworded
TEST TEST
DECNET DECNET
Here are some of the VAX/VMS commands:
Command: Function:
HELP (H) Gives help and list of commands.
TYPE (T) View contents of a file.
RENAME (REN) Change name of a file.
PURGE (PU) Deletes old versions of a file.
PRINT (PR) Prints a file.
DIRECTORY (DIR) Shows list of files.
DIFFERENCES (DIF) Shows differences between files.
CREATE (CR) Creates a file.
DELETE (DEL) Deletes a file.
COPY (COP) Copy a file to another.
CONTINUE (C) Continues session.
The password file on VAX's are available when you type in the command:
SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT
The password file on most VAX's are usually not available to normal system users, but try it anyway. If the default logins don't work, use the same means of finding one as stated in Section J.
Be VERY careful when hacking VAX's becuase they record every bad login attempt. They are sometimes considered one of the most secure systems. Because of this, I advise not to try hacking these until you are more advanced.
But, when you are an advanced hacker, or if you are already an advanced hacker, I advise that you try a few passwords at a time and then wait and try a few more the next day and so on, because when the real user logs on it displays all of the bad login attempts.
L. Basic PRIME hacking
PRIME computer systems greet you with "Primecon 18.23.05", or something like it, when you connect. You should type in capital letters on this system, too. Once you connect, it will usually just sit there. If this happens, type "LOGIN <USERNAME>". It should then ask you for your username and password. The default usernames and passwords are listed below:
Username: Password:
PRIME PRIME
PRIME PRIMOS
PRIMOS PRIMOS
PRIMOS PRIME
PRIMOS_CS PRIME
PRIMOS_CS PRIMOS
PRIMENET PRIMENET
SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM PRIME
SYSTEM PRIMOS
NETLINK NETLINK
TEST TEST
GUEST GUEST
GUEST1 GUEST
When you are inside the system, type "NETLINK" and it ahould give you alot of help. This system uses NUA's, too. I might print these in the next volume.
M. Password List
The password list was taken from A Novice's Guide To Hacking, by The Legion Of Doom, and from some of my own discoveries. Here is the list of commonly used passwords:
Password:
aaa
academia
ada
adrian
aerobics
airplane
albany
albatross
albert
alex
alexander
algebra
alias
alisa
alpha
alphabet
ama
amy
analog
anchor
andy
andrea
animal
answer
anything
arrow
arthur
ass
asshole
athena
atmosphere
bacchus
badass
bailey
banana
bandit
banks
bass
batman
beautiful
beauty
beaver
daniel
danny
dave
deb
debbie
deborah
december
desire
desperate
develop
diet
digital
discovery
disney
dog
drought
duncan
easy
eatme
edges
edwin
egghead
eileen
einstein
elephant
elizabeth
ellen
emerald
engine
engineer
enterprise
enzyme
euclid
evelyn
extension
fairway
felicia
fender
finite
format
god
hello
idiot
jester
john
johnny
joseph
joshua
judith
juggle
julia
kathleen
kermit
kernel
knight
lambda
larry
lazarus
lee
leroy
lewis
light
lisa
louis
love
lynne
mac
macintosh
mack
maggot
magic
malcolm
mark
markus
martin
marty
marvin
matt
master
maurice
maximum
merlin
mets
michael
michelle
mike
minimum
nicki
nicole
rascal
really
rebecca
remote
rick
reagan
robot
robotics
rolex
ronald
rose
rosebud
rosemary
roses
ruben
rules
ruth
sal
saxon
scheme
scott
secret
sensor
serenity
sex
shark
sharon
shit
shiva
shuttle
simon
simple
singer
single
singing
smile
smooch
smother
snatch
snoopy
soap
socrates
spit
spring
subway
success
summer
super
support
surfer
suzanne
tangerine
tape
target
taylor
telephone
temptation
tiger
tigger
toggle
tomato
toyota
trivial
unhappy
unicorn
unknown
urchin
utility
vicki
virgin
virginia
warren
water
weenie
whatnot
whitney
will
william
winston
willie
wizard
wonbat
yosemite
zap
N. Connecting modems to different phone lines
Ok, if you are really paranoid (or smart) and you don't want to hack from your house for fear of getting caught, you can hook up your modem to other peoples phone lines or to payphones.
If you want to hook your modem to a payphone, do it late at night and at a very secluded payphone. Look along either side of the phone. You should see a small metal tube (which contains the telephone wires) running along the wall. Somewhere along the tube it should widen out into a small box. Pop off the boxes lid and there is a nice little phone jack for ya'. Taking off the lid may be difficult because they are usually pretty secure, but nothing is impossible, so keep trying. Of course, you can only do this with a lap-top computer.
Now, if you want to hook up the modem to someone's house or appartment phone line, you need to get a pair of red and green alligator clips, and an extra modem cord for your lap-top.
After you get those parts, cut the plastic end off of your modem cord and you will see a red wire, a green wire, and two other wires, but you can ignore those. Attach the red alligator clip to the red wire, and attach the green alligator clip to the green wire and you're all set. Now all you need to do is go find a telephone pole or one of those small green boxes that stick out of the ground.(They should have a Bell Systems logo on them.)
On a telephone pole open the little box that has a bunch of wires going to and from it. On the right side of the box you should see what look like two large screws.(These are called "terminals".) One should have a red wire wrapped around it and the other should have a green wire wrapped around it. Attach the red alligator clip the the red wire and the green alligator clip to the green wire, and you're all set. This should get you a dial tone. If it doesn't, make sure that the alligator clips are not touching each other, and that the alligator clips are attached to the exposed end of the wire.
Now, on those green boxes you need to undo all of the screws and shit holding the lid on, and open it up. Then you should find basically the same setup as in the telephone pole. Attach the appropriate wires to the appropriate terminals and you are all set.
This process can also be used to hook up a Beige Box (Lineman's Handset.) when phreaking.
O. Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
Just in case some of you are interested, here are the definitions for Viruses, Trojans, and Worms. These definitions were taken from the alt.2600 hack faq.
Trojan:
"Remember the Trojan Horse? Bad guys hid inside it until they could get into the city to do their evil deed. A Trojan computer program is similiar. It is a program which does an unauthorized function, hidden inside an authorized program. It does something other than it claims to do, usually something malicious (although not necessarily!), and it is intended by the author to do whatever it does. If it is not intentional, it is called a bug or, in some cases, a feature :) Some Virus scanning programs detect some Trojans. Some scanning programs don't detect any Trojans. No Virus scanners detect all Trojans."
Virus:
"A Virus is an independent program which reproduces itself. It may attach itself to other programs, it may create copies of itself (as in companion Viruses). It may damage or corrupt data, change data, or degrade the performance of your system by utilizing resources such as memory or disk space. Some Viruse scanners detect some Viruses. No Virus scanners detect all Viruses. No Virus scanner can protect against any and all Viruses, known and unknown, now and forevermore."
Worm:
"Made famous by Robert Morris, Jr., Worms are programs which reproduce by copying themselves over and over, system to system, using up resources and sometimes slowing down the system. They are self contained and use the networks to spread, in much the same way that Viruses use files to spread. Some people say the solution to Viruses and worms is to just not have any files or networks. They are probably correct. We could include computers."
II. PHREAKING
A. What is phreaking
Phreaking is basically hacking with a telephone. Using different "boxes" and "tricks" to manipulate the phone companies and their phones, you gain many things, two of which are: knowledge about telephones and how they work, and free local and long distance phone calls. In the following sections, you will learn some about boxes, what they are, and how they work. You will also learn about the other forms of phreaking.
B. Why phreak?
Phreaking, like hacking, is used to gather information about telephones, telephone companies, and how they work. There are other benefits as well. As stated above, you also get free phone calls. But, these are used mainly to gather more information about the phones, and to allow us free access to all information.
C. Phreaking rules
Most of the same rules apply for hacking and phreaking, so I will only list a few here.
1. Never box over your home phone line.
2. You should never talk about phreaking projects over your home phone line.
3. Never use your real name when phreaking.
4. Be careful who you tell about your phreaking projects.
5. Never leave phreaking materials out in the open. Keep them in a safe place.
6. Don't get caught.
D. Where and how to start phreaking
Well, you can phreak on any telephone, but as stated above, it is very stupid to do so on your home phone line.
First you need you need to construct the boxes needed for what you want to do. All of the boxes and their descriptions are listed in the next section. Most of the boxes are very easy to make, but if your not into making shit, there are usually alternative ways of making them.
E. Boxes and what they do
_____________ HAPPY HACKING________________
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